Due to the association with very absorbent tampons, these products were removed from sale. The condition is more common in the developing world. In the United States, streptococcal TSS occurs in about 3 per 100,000 per year, and staphylococcal TSS in about 0.5 per 100,000 per year. The overall risk of death is about 50% in streptococcal disease, and 5% in staphylococcal disease. Some recommend delaying surgical debridement. The need for rapid removal of infected tissue via surgery in those with a streptococcal cause, while commonly recommended, is poorly supported by the evidence. Treatment includes intravenous fluids, antibiotics, incision and drainage of any abscesses, and possibly intravenous immunoglobulin. Diagnosis is typically based on symptoms. Risk factors for the staphylococcal type include the use of very absorbent tampons, skin lesions in young children characterized by fever, low blood pressure, rash, vomiting and/or diarrhea, and multiorgan failure. The underlying mechanism involves the production of superantigens during an invasive streptococcus infection or a localized staphylococcus infection. Streptococcal toxic shock syndrome is sometimes referred to as toxic-shock-like syndrome (TSLS). TSS is typically caused by bacteria of the Streptococcus pyogenes or Staphylococcus aureus type, though others may also be involved. There may also be symptoms related to the specific underlying infection such as mastitis, osteomyelitis, necrotising fasciitis, or pneumonia. Symptoms may include fever, rash, skin peeling, and low blood pressure. Toxic shock syndrome ( TSS) is a condition caused by bacterial toxins. Risk of death: ~50% (streptococcal), ~5% (staphylococcal) ģ per 100,000 per year (developed world) Septic shock, Kawasaki's disease, Stevens–Johnson syndrome, scarlet fever Īntibiotics, incision and drainage of any abscesses, intravenous immunoglobulin Very absorbent tampons, skin lesions in young children Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, others Staphylococcal (menstrual and nonmenstrual), streptococcal
Toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 protein from staphylococcusįever, rash, skin peeling, low blood pressure
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